We used a multi-method approach to analyze the spatial patterns of shrubs and cover types (plant species. litter or bare soil) in grassland-shrubland ecotones. This approach allows us to assess how fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of cover types affects the patterns of Cytisus balansae shrub encroachment into mesic mountain grasslands (Catalan Pyrenees. Spain). https://www.marcelovicente.com/product-category/smoothing-system/