Abstract Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) tends to get trapped in local optima as it relies on the direction provided by the previous individual and the best individual as guidance to search for the optimal solution. As enriching population diversity can effectively solve this problem. in this paper. we introduce a hierarchical structure and weighted fitness-distance balance sel... https://www.roneverhart.com/A-Pea-in-the-Pod-Clip-Down-Nursing-Bra-Black-L/